If your spouse is outside of the U.S., he or she may immigrate through a visa petition followed by an application for an immigrant visa. Once your spouse is approved as the beneficiary immigrant petition they must file an application for an immigrant visa at a U.S. Embassy or Consulate. This entails the completing a number of forms and submitting documents to the U.S. Embassy or Consulate.
Upon entering the U.S. with the immigrant visa, your spouse will be a lawful resident. Your spouse must be eligible for immigrant status or may be refused a visa. Factors that can negatively impact your spouse’s eligibility to immigrate include previous unlawful presence in the U.S., fraud or misrepresentation, and certain criminal convictions.
Please consult with me, or another immigration attorney, if your spouse is in the U.S. and you are thinking of sending your spouse outside of the country to consular process. If your spouse has lived in the U.S. without any immigration status, he or she may not be able to return for a period of three to 10-years or longer without a waiver.